I just found out that I never explained the “production” of either electrons or of neutrons. So I’ll correct myself.
First let’s see how electrons came to be.
The main point about electrons is that they aren’t defined “particles”. They are sort of electronic clouds of energy “effect”.
What we know, by experiments, is that when two gamma rays collide, they produce a négative electron and a positive positron.
We also know that gamma rays are, in fact, parts of electromagnetic waves having the smallest wavelength existing in the universe (around 10^-14 meter).
We now know that electromagnetism appeared in the universe when inflation started at the epoch when the universe had a diameter of 10^-15 meter.
The wavelength of a gamma rays starts approximately at 10^-14 meter.
This would mean that gamma rays appeared right after inflation started.
The first start of inflation was the appearance of gluons, decaying into Top/antiTop quarks which decayed into Bottom/antiBottom quarks.
The experiments in particle accelerators tells us that Top quark doesn’t have the time to “travel”, decaying almost instantly into Bottom quarks.
Bottom quarks, on the other hand, have a longer “life span” that permit them to travel quite a distance.
We are conscious that this traveling is being done within an electromagnetic (gamma) universe which possesses “lightspeed”.
Which means that gamma waves (rays) overcome, all around the “massive” bottom quarks that are traveling a lot slower. So let’s see what happens:
Being a “massive” particle, the Bottom quark is surrounded by a “gravitational field” that can deflect gamma ray trajectories. The result is the following:
So what happens where gamma rays collide?
The collision blocks the translating motion of both gamma rays which have the same kinetic intensity effect (lightspeed).
What is left is two positive “electronic effects” and two negative “electronic effects”.
But those two kinds of electronic “effects” do not have any “center of gravities” since they originated from electromagnetism.
So each identical kinds of electronic effects simply merge together producing two “blurred” “electronic effect” volumes defined only by each their “density effect”.
The result is:
This tells us that electrons appeared in our universe right after the decay of Top quarks into Bottom quarks. When the universe had a diameter of approximately 10^-14 meter.
Now. What about the appearance of neutrons?
There never was a hydrogen atom that was found with a neutron in its nucleus.
So there is no way we can affirm that neutrons existed when hydrogen was produced. And since science is the result of observations, it’s not scientific to pretend otherwise.
On the other hand, we know that the helium-4 atom possesses two neutrons in its nucleus.
Helium-4 is the most numerous helium existing in our universe.
This means that all we can affirm, objectively, is that neutrons appeared between the production of hydrogen and the production of helium.
Now we have to find an explanation to this affirmation.
What we have in front of us is two hydrogen atoms that have to “fuse” (merge) in order to produce a helium atom.
Those two hydrogen atoms are massive particles; which means that they are surrounded by a “gravitational field”.
Let’s make a drawing of those “gravitational fields” with their proton nuclei, and merge them to one another:
As you can see, two neutrons appeared inside the helium atom, separating both protons.
We know that protons are positive and they repel each other; in other words they cannot stand side by side because of their positive “repulsion” effect.
But both protons have the same repulsive intensity; so they leave a volume of “empty space” between them.
The center of that “empty” volume of space is located where both repulsion cancel themselves; which is approximately half way between both protons.
And since both repulsive intensity are equal, the distance where they cancel is half the size of each protons.
This cancelling point become a center where the energy “effect” is cancelled; in other words, this “empty” volume of space, that has the size of a proton, becomes a massive “empty” volume of space.
But since this “massive” empty space possesses a cancelled energy “effect”, it is a “neutral” massive empty space volume.
We call it a neutron particle.
Two neutrons is needed, in a helium-4 atom, to guarantee the atom’s stability. Gamma rays will eject one of them occasionally without disturbing this stability. Which is why helium-3 is also stable.
We will eventually find the explanation why the helium’s gravitational field has a smaller diameter than the hydrogen’s gravitational field; as you’ve probably remarked on the drawing.
Comments