The first figure I used was a figure to represent “Time”; on which I disposed all known “factual” periods:
And this is what this drawing explains:
1- At the basic of the Big-bang notion, Time had to start at “zero”, at an epoch when absolutely nothing existed. Otherwise Time is irrelevant and there’s no reason to call the universe a “space-time”. Furthermore if Time was irrelevant, there would only be “space” that is left; which is clearly not the case.
2- The Big-bang was a manifestation of energy which made “space” appear. So this energy had to be accumulated before the Big-bang in order to manifest itself. This means that the energy was accumulated during Planck’s era (A on the drawing) at the start of Time from zero, and the appearance of a manifested “space” volume occurred at Planck’s time (10^-43 second on the drawing) when energy was at its maximum.
3- From that moment (Planck time) our universe started to exist (B) and expanded until today, when we observe it, still expanding toward the future. No more energy was ever produce.
So how could energy accumulate during Planck’s era?
To answer this, we have to consider that the “expansion” of a volume (space) is a “motion” towards every directions. And a “motion” is the result of kinetic energy.
Which means that all the energy that was accumulated at the moment of the Big-bang was strictly kinetic energy since “space” was first manifested during a “radiance period” that lasted until 10^-35 second after time = zero (Planck’s satellite last results).
The amount of kinetic energy existing at the Big-bang was all the energy that ever existed in our universe, since it never increased nor diminished ever since. This kinetic energy has to be the one that, later, transformed itself in other kind of energy that we observe today.
So let’s go back at “time = zero” when the temperature was “zero Kelvin”.
We have, first, to explain what “zero Kelvin” represents.
“Zero Kelvin” isn’t the degree of “the coldest” temperature possible; it is a complete absence of degrees of temperature. In other words, a complete absence of “temperature” whatsoever.
The coldest temperature possible is whatever temperature we can reach by taking away “heat” from something. And since, in order to take away “heat”, we have to transfer it to something else that can absorb it by being “colder”, we will never be able to reach “zero Kelvin” because we will never have anything “colder” than “zero temperature” available to which we can transfer any last portion of “heat” remaining.
Heat is a thermal radiation which is an electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of particles in matter. And, as we will see, since electromagnetism didn’t appear in our universe before 10^-36 second after time = zero, the time period between zero and 10^-36 second didn’t have any temperature; which means that all that period was at zero kelvin.
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